A more thorough explanation:

Definition: Mitigating circumstances are factors that can reduce the severity or responsibility of a criminal act. These factors can include the defendant's age, mental or emotional state at the time of the crime, mental disability, and lack of a prior criminal record. The recognition of specific mitigating circumstances can vary depending on the jurisdiction.

Examples:

• A defendant who committed a crime while suffering from a severe mental illness may have a mitigating circumstance that lessens their responsibility for the crime.
• A defendant who committed a crime at a very young age may have a mitigating circumstance that takes into account their lack of maturity and understanding of the consequences of their actions.
• A defendant who has no prior criminal record may have a mitigating circumstance that suggests they are not a habitual offender and may be less likely to commit future crimes.

These examples illustrate how mitigating circumstances can be used to reduce the severity of a criminal act. By taking into account the defendant's mental state, age, or prior criminal history, the court can determine a more appropriate punishment that takes into account the unique circumstances of the case.