A more thorough explanation:

Definition: The aliunde rule is a legal doctrine that states a verdict cannot be challenged by a juror's testimony unless there is other evidence to support it.

Example: Let's say a jury finds a defendant guilty of a crime. One of the jurors later comes forward and says that they only voted guilty because they didn't like the defendant's race. However, under the aliunde rule, this juror's testimony cannot be used to challenge the verdict unless there is other evidence to support the claim of racial bias.

Explanation: The aliunde rule is in place to prevent jurors from changing their verdicts based on personal biases or outside information. It ensures that verdicts are based solely on the evidence presented in court. In the example, the juror's testimony alone is not enough to challenge the verdict because it is based on personal bias. There must be other evidence to support the claim of racial bias before the verdict can be challenged.

Definition: ALJ stands for Administrative Law Judge. An ALJ is a judge who presides over administrative hearings and makes decisions on disputes between individuals and government agencies.

Example: An ALJ might preside over a hearing between a person who was denied Social Security benefits and the Social Security Administration. The ALJ would listen to both sides and make a decision based on the evidence presented.

Explanation: ALJs are important because they provide an impartial decision-maker in disputes between individuals and government agencies. They are trained in administrative law and have expertise in the specific area of law they are presiding over. In the example, the ALJ would be responsible for making a fair decision based on the evidence presented in the hearing.