A more thorough explanation:

A presentence-investigation report is a detailed account of a convicted defendant's background, including their education, criminal history, family, and social life. This report is conducted by a probation officer at the request of the court to help determine an appropriate sentence for the defendant.

The report is often abbreviated as PSI or PIR and is required by Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(c).

After being found guilty of a crime, John's case was referred for a presentence-investigation report. The probation officer conducted interviews with John's family, friends, and employers, reviewed his criminal history, and assessed his risk of reoffending. The report was then submitted to the court to assist in determining John's sentence.

Another example could be a presentence-investigation report conducted for a defendant who has been convicted of drug possession. The report may include information about the defendant's history of drug use, any prior convictions, and their family and social support system. This information can help the court determine an appropriate sentence that addresses the defendant's underlying issues and reduces the likelihood of future drug-related offenses.

These examples illustrate how a presentence-investigation report provides the court with valuable information about a defendant's background and circumstances, which can help determine an appropriate sentence that addresses the defendant's needs and reduces the likelihood of future criminal behavior.