A more thorough explanation:

Neutralization is a term that can have different meanings depending on the context. Here are some of its definitions:

1. The act of making something ineffective.
2. In international law, the process by which a country's integrity is guaranteed by treaty, on the condition that it remains permanently neutral except in self-defense. Switzerland is an example of a neutralized country.
3. The act of declaring certain persons or property neutral and safe from capture. For example, during a war, a neutral country may declare that a hospital or a ship carrying humanitarian aid is neutral and should not be attacked.
4. In legal proceedings, the cancellation of unexpected harmful testimony from a witness by showing that the witness has made conflicting statements. For instance, a prosecutor may try to neutralize the testimony of a witness who offers damaging evidence by cross-examining them and pointing out inconsistencies in their statements.

For example, if a company wants to neutralize the effect of a competitor's advertising campaign, it may launch a counter-campaign that highlights the flaws of the competitor's product. In international relations, neutralization can be a way to avoid being dragged into a conflict between two or more powerful nations. In legal proceedings, neutralization can be a way to discredit a witness and undermine their credibility.