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Simple English definitions for legal terms
fraus
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A quick definition of fraus:
Fraus is a Latin word that means cheating or deceit. It refers to when someone intentionally tries to trick or deceive another person. For example, if someone sells their property to a friend to avoid paying back a debt, that is considered fraus. Dolus is another Latin word that means fraud or deceit. It can refer to intentional wrongdoing or lying, especially in a legal context. Dolus malus is a more severe form of dolus, meaning evil or unjustifiable deceit.
A more thorough explanation:
Fraus (fraws) is a Latin term that means deceit or cheating. For example, if a debtor sells their property with the intention of defrauding a creditor, they risk having the sale cancelled.
- Dolus: A Latin term that means fraud or deceit.
- Dolus malus: A Latin term that means evil or fraudulent design or intent.
If a person lies to an attacker to prevent an assault, it is an example of dolus bonus, which is justifiable deceit. However, dolus bonus does not have any legal consequences.
Dolus dans locum contractui is a fraudulent misrepresentation made by one party to a contract that induces the other party to enter into the contract. This is an example of fraud giving rise to the contract.
Dolus incidens is a type of fraud that does not affect the essential terms of an agreement. For example, if a seller of a car falsely claims that it has a full tank of gas, it is an example of dolus incidens.
Dolus malus is an unjustifiable deceit or fraudulent design. For example, if a person intentionally sells a fake painting to someone, it is an example of dolus malus.
These examples illustrate how the term fraus is related to other Latin terms that describe different types of deceit or fraud.