A more thorough explanation:

A filiation proceeding, also known as an affiliation proceeding, is a legal process that takes place in family court to establish the paternity of a child born out of wedlock. The main purpose of this proceeding is to identify the father of the child and establish his legal rights and obligations towards the child.

For example, if a woman gives birth to a child and is not married, she can file a filiation proceeding to establish the paternity of the child and obtain financial support from the father. Once the court establishes paternity, the father may be required to pay child support, provide medical insurance, and contribute to the child's education and other expenses.

In addition to financial support, a filiation proceeding can also grant the father visitation and custody rights. This means that the father can spend time with the child and make decisions about the child's upbringing.

Overall, a filiation proceeding is an important legal process that helps to protect the rights of children born out of wedlock and ensure that they receive the support and care they need from both parents.