A more thorough explanation:

The Customs Court was a court in the United States that had jurisdiction over all issues of international trade. It was replaced with the U.S. Court of International Trade in 1980.

Before the creation of the Customs Court, issues of international trade and government entities were heard by the circuit courts themselves. However, due to the increase in customs claims, Congress created the Board of General Appraisers to handle most tariff and duty decisions. The Board of General Appraisers operated under the umbrella of the Treasury Department.

In 1926, Congress replaced the Board of General Appraisers with the formal U.S. Customs Court to properly address the flow of customs cases. Appeals from the Customs Court were heard by the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, the predecessor of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

An example of a case that would be heard by the Customs Court would be a dispute over the amount of duty owed on imported goods. For instance, if a company imported a large quantity of steel from another country, and the Customs and Border Protection agency believed that the company had undervalued the steel to avoid paying higher duties, the case would be heard by the Customs Court.

Another example would be a case involving the classification of goods for tariff purposes. For example, if a company imported a new type of electronic device that did not fit neatly into any existing tariff category, the Customs Court would be responsible for determining the appropriate classification and duty rate for the device.

These examples illustrate how the Customs Court was responsible for resolving disputes related to international trade and ensuring that the appropriate duties and tariffs were paid on imported goods.