A more thorough explanation:

A civil penalty is a type of punishment for breaking laws or regulations that is not considered criminal. It usually involves paying a fine or other financial compensation to make up for any damages caused. The government or a private party acting on behalf of the government can bring an action seeking a civil penalty.

It can be difficult to distinguish between civil and criminal penalties. The Supreme Court of the United States established a two-part test in United States v. Ward to help determine whether a penalty is civil or criminal. First, one must look at the intent of the legislature. If the intent is a civil penalty, then one must examine whether the statute's purpose or effect negates that intention. If the answer is no, then the penalty is most likely civil.

For example, if a company violates environmental regulations by dumping hazardous waste into a river, they may be subject to a civil penalty. The government could bring an action against the company and require them to pay a fine to compensate for any harm caused to the environment.

Another example is if a landlord violates housing regulations by failing to provide safe living conditions for their tenants. The government could bring an action against the landlord and require them to pay a fine to compensate for any harm caused to the tenants.

These examples illustrate how civil penalties are used to hold individuals and companies accountable for breaking laws or regulations and to compensate for any harm caused.