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Simple English definitions for legal terms
bellum justum
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A quick definition of bellum justum:
Bellum Justum: A term used in international law to describe a war that is considered morally and legally justifiable. This means that the person or group starting the war believes they have a good reason to fight, such as defending themselves against an aggressive enemy. In the past, before a war could be declared, a group of priests had to certify that there was a just cause for the war. However, with the adoption of the United Nations Charter, the concept of a just war has lost its legal significance. The Charter only allows the use of force in self-defense.
A more thorough explanation:
Definition: A just war; one that is considered morally and legally justifiable, such as a war against an aggressive, totalitarian regime.
Under Roman law, before war could be declared, a group of priests called the fetiales had to certify to the Senate that just cause for war existed. Medieval theologian-jurists like Thomas Aquinas debated the circumstances that justified war, with some supporting the idea of a just war against non-Catholics. However, with the adoption of the U.N. Charter, the concept of bellum justum has lost its legal significance. The Charter outlaws the use of force except in self-defense.
Examples: A war against a country that is committing genocide or invading another country without provocation could be considered a bellum justum. However, a war for economic gain or to expand territory would not be considered justifiable.
This term is important in international law because it helps to establish guidelines for when it is acceptable to go to war. It emphasizes the importance of considering the moral and legal implications of using force and encourages countries to seek peaceful solutions whenever possible.